The euro sign, , is the currency sign used for the euro, the official currency of the Eurozone and some other countries. The design was presented to the public by the European Commission on 12 December 1996. It consists of a stylized letter E, crossed by two lines instead of one. In English, the sign precedes the value ; in most other European languages, the reverse is true.
Design
There were originally 32 proposed designs for a symbol for Europe's new common currency; the Commission short-listed these to ten candidates. These ten were put to a public survey. After the survey had narrowed the original ten proposals down to two, it was up to the Commission to choose the final design. The other designs that were considered are not available for the public to view, nor is any information regarding the designers available for public query. The Commission considers the process of designing to have been internal and keeps these records secret. The eventual winner was a design created by a team of four experts whose identities have not been revealed. It is assumed that the Belgiangraphic designer Alain Billiet was the winner and thus the designer of the euro sign. The official story of the design history of the euro sign is disputed by Arthur Eisenmenger, a former chief graphic designer for the European Economic Community, who says he had the idea25 years before the Commission's decision. The Commission specified a euro logo with exact proportions and colours, for use in public-relations material related to the euro introduction. While the Commission intended the logo to be a prescribed glyph shape, type designers made it clear that they intended instead to adapt the design to be consistent with the typefaces to which it was to be added.
Generating the euro sign using a computer depends on the operating system and national conventions. Initially, some mobile phone companies issued an interim software update for their special SMS character set, replacing the less-frequent Japanese yen sign with the euro sign. Subsequent mobile phones have both currency signs. The euro is represented in the Unicodecharacter set with the character name EURO SIGN and the code position U+20AC as well as in updated versions of the traditional Latin character set encodings. In HTML, the € entity can also be used. An implicit character encoding, along with the fact that the code position of the euro sign is different in historic encoding schemes, led to many initial problems displaying the euro sign consistently in computer applications, depending on access method. While displaying the euro sign was no problem as long as only one system was used, mixed setups often produced errors. Initially, Apple, Microsoft and Unix systems each chose a different code point to represent a euro symbol: thus a user of one system might have seen a euro symbol whereas another would see a different symbol or nothing at all. Another was legacy software which could only handle older encodings such as ISO 8859-1 that contained no euro sign at all. In such situations, character set conversions had to be made, often introducing conversion errors such as a question mark being displayed instead of a euro sign. Widespread adoption of Unicode and UTF-8 encoding means that these issues rarely arise in modern computing.
Entry methods
Depending on keyboard layout and the operating system, the symbol can be entered as:
Classical typewriters are still used in many parts of the world, often recycled from businesses that have adopted desktop computers. Typewriters lacking the euro sign can create it by typing a capital "C", backspacing, and overstriking it with the equal sign.
Use
Placement of the sign also varies. Countries have generally continued the style used for their former currencies. In those countries where previous convention was to place the currency sign before the figure, the euro sign is placed in the same position. In those countries where the an amount preceded the national currency sign, the euro sign is again placed in that relative position. The Commission includes a guideline in its institutional style guide on the use of the euro sign, stating it should be placed in front of the amount without any space in English, but after the amount in most other languages. In English language newspapers and periodicals, the euro sign—like the dollar sign and the pound sign —is placed before the figure, unspaced, as used by publications such as the Financial Times and The Economist. When written out, "euro" is placed after the value in lower case; the plural is used for two or more units, and euro cents are separated with a point, not a comma. Prices of items costing less than one euro are often written using a local abbreviation like "ct.", "snt.", c. and Λ : (for example, 10 ct., 10c., 10Λ, 10 snt. The US style "¢" or "￠" is rarely seen in formal contexts.
