Dudley graduated with a B.S. degree from Johnson C. Smith College in 1932 where he became a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity, and then taught school in Gainsboro, Virginia. He studied dentistry for a year on a scholarship at Howard University, and then moved to New York City. His wife was Rae Oley Dudley and had one child, Edward Richard Dudley jr. In New York, Dudley worked odd jobs including stage manager for Orson Welles at a public works theater project. In 1938, he enrolled at St. John's University School of Law, graduating with an LL.B. in 1941. For a brief period he practiced law, entered Democratic politics in Harlem, and was an Assistant New York State Attorney General in 1942. In 1942, he married Rae Oley. They had a son, Edward R. Dudley, Jr. In 1943, he joined the N.A.A.C.P. legal team. As an assistant special counsel, he wrote briefs and prepared cases seeking the admission of black students to Southern colleges, equal pay for black teachers, and an end to discrimination in public transportation. He was executive assistant to the Governor of the Virgin Islands from 1945 to 1947, and was then appointed by President Harry S. Truman as Minister to Liberia in 1948 and then as ambassador in 1949. Returning home in 1953, he practiced law and directed the N.A.A.C.P.'s Freedom Fund. In 1955, New York City Mayor Robert F. Wagner, Jr., appointed him as justice of the Domestic Relations Court. Dudley served as the Borough President of Manhattan, from 1961 to 1964. In the New York state election of 1962, he was the Democratic and Liberal candidate for Attorney General but was defeated by the Republican incumbent, Louis Lefkowitz. He was a delegate to the 1964 Democratic National Convention. In November 1964, Dudley was elected as a Justice of the New York State Supreme Court for the First Judicial District. He served from 1965 until his retirement in 1985. Dudley died of prostate cancer in St. Luke's Hospital in Manhattan. He survived by his son and three grandchildren Kevin, Kyle and Alexandra Dudley.
