Eduard Künneke was a Germancomposer notable for his operettas, operas, theatre music and some orchestral works. He was born on Mozart's birthday in Emmerich, Lower Rhine. After obtaining his school diploma Künneke moved in 1903 to Berlin where he studied musicology and the history of literature; he translated Beowulf into German. He was subsequently accepted into Professor Max Bruch's master-school for musical composition attached to the Royal Academy of Arts. By 1907 he was already a repetiteur and chorus master at a Berlin operetta theatre, the Neues Operettentheater am Schiffbauerdamm, but relinquished his post as chorus master after his operaRobins Ende was premiered in Mannheim and Coeur-As in Dresden. Thereafter he received productions at 38 different German opera houses. From 1908 to 1910 he also worked as a music director for Odeon Records and conducted two of the earliest complete symphony recordings, the Beethoven Fifth and Sixth Symphonies with the "Grosses Odeon Streich-Orchester". In 1911 Künneke became a conductor of the German Theatre in Berlin, where he wrote incidental music for Max Reinhardt including music for Reinhardt’s staging of Part Two of Goethe'sFaust. With the coming of The Great War he became a horn player and conductor in a regimental band. In 1916 the main focus of his interests began to shift to musical comedy. However with financial woes he took a post as serial conductor for Heinrich Berté's prettified SchubertpasticheDas Dreimaderlhaus. This inspired him to an equally maudlin singspiel Das Dorf ohn Glocke. Subsequently he composed one operetta after another, altogether more than a dozen, and all at a remarkably high level of craftsmanship. He toured the USA but, as one writer put it, "his experiences were not exactly positive". During the National Socialist years he advanced to become the "Master of German Operetta", even though his new works were decidedly operatic. The trauma of the war years had its effect upon Künneke and with a heart complaint he withdrew into the solitude of his study as an "independent scholar". Death came to him on 27 October 1953. At the solemn funeral ceremony in Berlin he was lauded as the last great figure and noblest musician of Berlin operetta. Künneke's graceful music is distinguished by its rhythm and striking harmonies. His best-known work is the 1921 operetta Der Vetter aus Dingsda; many of his songs are still familiar today. In 1926, when his operetta Lady Hamilton was premiered in Breslau, he formed what would become a long friendship with the conductor Franz Marszalek. Marszalek was a dedicated advocate of Künneke's music, and during his later tenure at the Westdeutscher Rundfunk in Cologne made numerous recordings of his works with the Cologne Radio Orchestra and the Cologne Radio Symphony Orchestra. His daughter was the actress and singer Evelyn Künneke.
