E–Z notation


E–Z configuration, or the E–Z convention, is the IUPAC preferred method of describing the absolute stereochemistry of double bonds in organic chemistry. It is an extension of cis-trans isomer notation that can be used to describe double bonds having two, three or four substituents.
Following the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog priority rules, each substituent on a double bond is assigned a priority, then positions of the higher of the two substituents on each carbon are compared to each other. If the two groups of higher priority are on opposite sides of the double bond, the bond is assigned the configuration E. If the two groups of higher priority are on the same side of the double bond, the bond is assigned the configuration Z.
The letters E and Z are conventionally printed in italic type, within parentheses, and separated from the rest of the name with a hyphen. They are always printed as full capitals, but do not constitute the first letter of the name for English capitalization rules.
Another example: The CIP rules assign a higher priority to bromine than to chlorine, and a higher priority to chlorine than to hydrogen, hence the following nomenclature.
For organic molecules with multiple double bonds, it is sometimes necessary to indicate the alkene location for each E or Z symbol. For example, the chemical name of alitretinoin is -3,7-dimethyl-9-nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid, indicating that the alkenes starting at positions 2, 4, and 8 are E while the one starting at position 6 is Z.