Culteranismo
Culteranismo is a stylistic movement of the Baroque period of Spanish history that is also commonly referred to as Gongorismo. It began in the late 16th century with the writing of Luis de Góngora and lasted through the 17th century.
Culteranismo is characterized by an ornamental, ostentatious vocabulary and a message that is complicated by a heavy use of metaphors and complex syntactical order.
The name blends culto and luteranismo and was coined by its opponents to present it as a heresy of "true" poetry.
Poetry from this movement seems to use as many words as possible to convey little meaning or to conceal meaning. It is also associated with Latinized syntax and mythological allusions.
Culteranismo existed in stark contrast with conceptismo, another movement of the Baroque period which is characterized by a witty style, word games, simple vocabulary, and an attempt to convey multiple meanings in as few words as possible. The best-known representative of Spanish conceptismo, Francisco de Quevedo, had an ongoing feud with Luis de Góngora in which each criticized the other’s writing and personal life.
Other practitioners of the style include Hortensio Félix Paravicino.
Sample
The first stanza of the first of the Soledades by Góngora.| Original Spanish | Literal translation | Explanation |
| Era del año la estación florida | It was the flowery season of the year | It was spring. |
| en que el mentido robador de Europa | when the perjured kidnapper of Europa | Zeus kidnapped Europa in the shape of a bull. |
| , | ||
| luciente honor del cielo, | brilliant honor of the sky | |
| en campos de zafiro pace estrellas, | in fields of sapphire grazes stars | The Sun is currently in Taurus , i.e., it is between April and May. |