Cross-promotion is a form of marketing promotion where customers of one product or service are targeted with promotion of a related product. A typical example is cross-media marketing of a brand; for example, Oprah Winfrey's promotion on her television show of her books, magazines and website. Cross-promotion may involve two or more companies working together in promoting a service or product, in a way that benefits both. For example, a mobile phone network may work together with a popular music artist and package some of their songs as exclusive ringtones; promoting these ringtones can benefit both the network and the artist. Some major corporations—Burger King, for example—have a long history of cross-promotion with a range of partners. The Disney Channel has also made extensive use of cross-promotion. Movie tie-ins are good examples of cross-promotion. On occasion, badly planned cross-promotions can backfire spectacularly such as 1992 Hoover free flights promotion fiasco. Co-marketing and co-branding are particular forms of cross-promotion. and Nestlé
A 2001 study by the Project for Excellence in Journalism found that US media outlets tend to cover their own company's goods and services much more frequently than others but declare the link only 15% of the time. For example, CBS was nearly twice as likely to carry Viacomproducts as ABC and NBC combined. In Flat Earth News, Nick Davies wrote that both Tiny Rowland and Robert Maxwell had regularly interfered with their respective UK newspapers to support their business interests. The UK's Private Eye has a regular "I Sky" column highlighting cross-promotion by News Corporation's UK newspapers, focusing on references to the Corporation's Sky television network. Richard Desmond's 2010 takeover of Channel 5 via his Northern & Shell company was partly motivated by the opportunities for cross-promotion with his newspapers and magazines ; he promised the equivalent of £20 million promoting the channel and its shows in a marketing campaign in Northern & Shell publications. One commentator warned that "readers will be bombarded with references to Five. The opportunity for cross-promotion between his publications and TV channel are enormous." Comcast has engaged in cross-promotional strategies, internally known as "Symphony" to coordinate the promotion of NBCUniversal content across all of its properties.
