Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean (France)


The French Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean, also known as CECMED is a French Armed Forces regional commander. He commands the zone, the region and the Mediterranean maritime arrondissements. He is usually an admiral of the French Navy, and is under the direct authority of the French Chief of the Defence Staff. the position was held by Admiral Yann Tainguy.
CECMED today is simultaneously:
Today the main French naval combat force in the Mediterranean is the Force d'action navale headquartered at Toulon. The Admiral commanding the Naval Action Force is responsible to the Chief of Staff of the French Navy at the rue Royale in Paris.

History

Mediterranean Squadron

Vice-amiral François Fournier was Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Squadron in January 1899 aboard Galilée.
On 20 July 1921 after a series of designation changes, the force again became the Mediterranean Squadron. It became the 1st Squadron on 1 January 1927; the Mediterranean Squadron on 30 October 1936; and the Mediterranean Fleet on 1 July 1939. On the outbreak of war the fleet consisted of the 2nd Squadron at Toulon, with three older battleships and their fleet torpedo boat escorts; the 3rd Squadron of two divisions of 10,000-ton cruisers and three divisions of contretorpilleurs, also at Toulon, and the 4th Squadron at Bizerte with a light cruiser division and three divisions of contretorpilleurs, under Rear Admiral André Marquis.
In September 1939 the fleet included:
The twentieth century history of the French Navy in the Mediterranean includes surveillance of actions during the Spanish Civil War. On 14 June 1940, the 3rd Escadre executed Operation Samoyède. The squadron, including the cruisers Foch, Algérie, Dupleix and Colbert, bombarded Genoa, supported by French Naval Aviation.
In 1940, after the fall of France, the British Royal Navy launched the attack on Mers-el-Kébir which destroyed most of the French fleet in 1940 to prevent it from falling into German hands. In 1942 the scuttling of the French fleet in Toulon took place for the same reason. The Navy also protected troop convoys from French Algeria to France in both World Wars, and played a peripheral role in the Algerian War from 1954 to 1962. In 1956 the French Navy acted with the Royal Navy in the attack on Egypt during the Suez Crisis. In 1964, the cruiser Colbert became flagship of the Mediterranean squadron. The regional Mediterranean and Atlantic fleets, were replaced by ALFAN and Admiral, Antisubmarine Group as part of Optimar '95, the post-Cold War restructuring process.