Construction of the Somport railway tunnel was inaugurated on the French side on 12 July 1912, and after delays in its construction due to World War I, completed in 1915. Spanish project engineerRamírez de Dampierre began construction of the station in 1923, and it was formally opened on 18 July 1928, in the presence of King Alfonso XIII of Spain and the president of the French RepublicGaston Doumergue. The station has 365 windows, and platforms over long. The large size—the second largest station in Europe, known at the time as the "Titanic of the Mountains"—and extensive infrastructure were necessitated in part by the need to transfer all transiting passengers, baggage and freight between Spanish and French trains, because the French rail standard gauge of was incompatible with the Spanish gauge of at the time and hence prevented through-traffic. This transformed a simple customs-control exercise into a lengthy logistics exercise. The site includes a large locomotive depot, two sheds for the transshipment of freight between French and Spanish trains, various other outbuildings and a resultant extensive layout of tracks. Part of the station was considered French territory; a school was established in the village for the children of French staff. During the Spanish Civil War, Franco had the tunnels sealed on the Spanish side to prevent arms smuggling. But due to the Franco-Spanish international convention under which it was built, the station remained open during World War II. The Spanish authorities came to an operational agreement with the Nazi GermanWehrmacht authorities, with freight-trains carrying mined tungsten north and French grain plus trans-shipped Swissgold south; passenger services also continued, providing an escape route into Spain for some Jews and Allied soldiers. The station is often said to have been used in the filming of Doctor Zhivago, but although the film was shot largely in Spain, there is no evidence that Canfranc was a location. The station's reason to exist came to an abrupt halt on 20 March 1970 when a train derailment, on the Pau-Canfranc railway line, demolished the L'Estanguet bridge on the French side of the Pyrénées Mountains. Under financial pressure from French national railway company SNCF, the French government decided not to rebuild the bridge, and hence the cross-border line was closed. The population of the village fell sharply as a result.
Present
The site is mostly overgrown, but most of the buildings are largely intact and can be entered. The main building has been re-roofed, but is otherwise in a state of disrepair, fenced off and closed to the public except during guided tours in July and August. In 2013–17, approximately 120,000 people, mostly Spaniards, toured the station, more than used it when it was in service. The railway station, using rather more modest facilities, is still open for the two daily passenger trains to and from Zaragoza-Delicias railway station, plus occasional freight trains to the grain silo. The government of Aragon plans to turn the station into a hotel, build a new station beside it, and reopen the line as the "western trans-Pyrenean line" with the assistance of the government of Aquitaine, the adjacent French region.
