Calyptorhynchus
Described by French naturalist Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest in 1826, the genus Calyptorhynchus has five species of cockatoos. They are all mostly black in colour, and the taxa may be differentiated partly by size and partly by small areas of red, grey, and yellow plumage, especially in the tail feathers. It is the sole genus of the "dark cockatoo" subfamily Calyptorhynchinae. Studies based on the mitochondrial DNA 12S gene fragment suggested that other sexually dichromatic species, the gang-gang cockatoo and the cockatiel may be the closest living relatives of Calyptorhynchus. However, subsequent studies, including more genes confirm the morphological taxonomy with the gang-gang cockatoo most closely related to the galah, within the white cockatoo group, and with the cockatiel as a third distinct subfamily of cockatoos. Two subgenera are recognized based on the colouration of the species, and presence of sexual dimorphism:
| Subgenus | Image | Scientific name | Common name | Subspecies | Distribution |
| Calyptorhynchus - black-and-red cockatoos | Calyptorhynchus banksii | Red-tailed black cockatoo |
| Australia | |
| Calyptorhynchus - black-and-red cockatoos | Calyptorhynchus lathami | Glossy black cockatoo | eastern Australia. | ||
| Zanda - black-and-yellow/white cockatoos | Calyptorhynchus funereus | Yellow-tailed black cockatoo | south-east of Australia | ||
| Zanda - black-and-yellow/white cockatoos | Calyptorhynchus latirostris | Carnaby's black cockatoo | southwest Australia | ||
| Zanda - black-and-yellow/white cockatoos | Calyptorhynchus baudinii | Baudin's black cockatoo | southwest Australia |