The British Rail Class 331 Civity is a class of electric multiple unit constructed for Eversholt Rail Group for lease to Northern Trains by Spanish rolling stock manufacturer CAF. A total of 43 units have been built; 31 three-car units and 12 four-car units. Construction started in July 2017 and the trains started to be phased into service from 1 July 2019.
History
The announcement of the new trains was made by Arriva UK Trains when it was confirmed that it would become the next operator of the Northern franchise from 1 April 2016. CAF were selected by Arriva as they were the only manufacturer able to produce both new diesel and electric multiple units from the same platform, the Civity, thus increasing familiarity for drivers and reducing maintenance costs once in operation. Bombardier made a bid to produce electric Aventra units but was unable to offer a sister diesel unit which Arriva required. Furthermore, Bombardier already had a long order book for Aventra units and Arriva believed CAF were in a stronger position to guarantee on-time delivery of the units. Construction started in July 2017, with the first completed unit being unveiled on 31 January 2018. Testing began in the UK in September 2018, and in March 2019, a four-car Class 331 unit became the first train to be completed at CAF's Llanwern factory. On 28 June 2019, the new trains were launched by a special service for the media. Regular passenger service of the Class 331 started on 1 July 2019.
Description
stated its aim for a "step-change in quality" for the new trains when compared with older trains in the Northern fleet such as the Pacers and Sprinters. The interior, layout and driver cab of the Class 331 are completely identical to their sister units, the Class 195 with the only difference being power generation and drivetrain. The 331s have a ⅓-⅔ door arrangement, and a top speed limited to 100 mph. The units have air conditioning, power sockets, one toilet per train, open gangways between individual carriages, passenger compartment CCTV, provision for wheelchair passengers and wi-fi system. All trains fitted with an automated audio information system, as well as display screens - six in each carriage ensuring all passengers have an unobstructed view to at least one. These screens convey a variety of information from station arrival times and informing alighting passengers when they need to be in a different carriage due to platforms being too short to accommodate the train. Northern selected a "wide and spacious" vestibule area to allow for quicker passenger flows when boarding and disembarking to minimise dwell times which can result in delays. These large spaces around the doors also a high degree of flexibility as to how this space can be used with flip-down seats and ample standing space in times of overcrowding where the objective is ensuring all passengers can board. The units are not fitted with fixed luggage racks as these often reduce capacity on peak-time commuter trains - space is provided around the flip-down seats adjacent to the doors to store luggage and prams - thus not impacting on the capacity of the train or safety for passengers wishing to alight or board. In maintaining an objective for the interior to be spacious, seats are cantilevered off the body frame and there are no internal doors with open gangways between carriages. The 331 electric units are noted for their quick acceleration putting them among the fastest accelerating EMUs in the United Kingdom with a rate of 1.3 m/s2. This allows the units to accelerate from 0 to 125 km/h in 45 seconds - by comparison, the ex-British Rail Class 319/321/322 units have an acceleration rate of 0.55 m/s2 and which takes them over 2 minutes to attain the same speed. It is envisaged this improved acceleration result in efficiencies and improved punctuality on commuter routes with multiple stops across the Northern network. The units are designed with a projected lifespan of 35 years and it is planned they will operate beyond 2050 with maintenance and refurbishment. Other features included are digital seat reservation system however these are to future-proof the train and Northern do not envisage using these on many, if any routes. Although the vast majority of services will operate as 3 or 4 car formations - some will 3-car units will be doubled up to form 6 car services. As a result, they are fitted with Automatic Selective Door Operation on routes where station platform lengths are not sufficient to fully accommodate the train. This ASDO is linked to an automated system which informs the passengers through both announcements and the passenger information screens located in each saloon.
Routes
In West Yorkshire, the Class 331 units will replace the eight Class 321 and Class 322 trains and work alongside the current fleet of Class 333 units. In the North West, the 331s will be deployed on inter-city electrified services from Blackpool North to Manchester Airport. The 331s will be introduced on the Liverpool Lime Street to Blackpool North route and the Liverpool Lime Street to Crewe via Manchester Airport - the longest service in Northern's network with 29 stops. Introduction of 331s on these three routes is expected to commence by the end of 2020. Surplus 331s will remain and it is envisaged they will operate all electrified commuter services between Hazel Grove and Blackpool North, Manchester and Glossop/Hadfield and Manchester and Stoke-on-Trent. Introductions on these lines are expected in 2020.
