Bridge Protocol Data Unit

Bridge Protocol Data Units are frames that contain information about the spanning tree protocol. A switch sends BPDUs using a unique source MAC address from its origin port to a multicast address with destination MAC.
There are two kinds of BPDUs for 802.1D Spanning Tree:

Configuration BPDU, send by root bridges to provide information to all switches.
TCN, send by bridges towards the root bridge to notify changes in the topology, such as port up or port down.

By default the BPDUs are sent every 2 seconds.

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