Bolling Air Force Base
Bolling Air Force Base is a United States Air Force base in Washington, D.C. In 2010 it was merged with Naval Support Facility Anacostia to form Joint Base Anacostia–Bolling. From its beginning, the installation has hosted elements of the Army Air Corps and Navy aviation and support elements.
History
Before European colonization, the area where Bolling Air Force Base is located was inhabited by the Nacotchtank, an Algonquian people. The largest village of the Nacotchtank was located just north of the air force base, south of Anacostia Park. Another Nacotchtank village is believed to have existed on the base grounds, where two ossuaries were discovered in 1936. Other Nacotchtank archaeological sites have been found at Giesboro Point on the Potomac River.The Department of Defense has owned the Bolling grounds since 1917, when the tract of land was scouted by William C. Ocker at the direction of General Billy Mitchell. Founded on 2 October 1917 as The Flying Field at Anacostia, it was the first military airfield near the United States Capitol. It was renamed Anacostia Experimental Flying Field in June 1918.
Soon, the single installation evolved into two separate, adjoining bases; one Army and one Navy. Bolling Field was opened 1 July 1918 and was named for Colonel Raynal C. Bolling, the first high-ranking air service officer killed in World War I. Colonel Bolling was the Assistant Chief of the Air Service, and was killed in action near Amiens, France, on 26 March 1918 while defending himself and his driver, Private Paul L. Holder, from German soldiers. Flying activities began on 4 July 1918 with mailplanes landing there, with all equipment removed from the former location at the Polo Grounds, Washington, D.C.
In the late 1940s, Bolling Field's property became Naval Air Station Anacostia and a new Air Force base, named Bolling Air Force Base, was constructed just to the south on 24 June 1948.
Bolling AFB has served as a research and testing ground for new aviation equipment and its first mission provided aerial defense of the capital. It moved to its present location, along the Potomac in the city's southwest quadrant, in the 1930s.
Over the years, Marine Corps, Coast Guard and National Guard units, as well as DOD and federal agencies also found the installation to be an ideal place from which to operate.
- In 1918, pilots from the installation were dispatched by President Woodrow Wilson to create the first permanent airmail route from Washington, D.C. to New York City.
- Navy seaplanes were first tested and Air Force aerial refueling techniques were developed by installation-based personnel and military commands.
- Following its successful transatlantic flight in 1927, Charles Lindbergh's "Spirit of St. Louis" returned to the installation. Soon after, the aircraft was used for Lindbergh's goodwill flight to Mexico and South America.
- Air Force Lt. Col. Henry "Hap" Arnold led a bomber flight from Bolling Field on a 4,000-mile journey to Alaska in 1934, to demonstrate the capabilities of long-range strategic bombing missions.
- Throughout World War II, the installation served as a training and organizational base for personnel and units going overseas. It also served as the aerial gateway to the nation's capital.
- The Air Force’s first headquarters was established at the installation, as Army Air Forces Headquarters in 1941 and, with the creation of the United States Air Force, Air Force Headquarters in 1947.
- The Sacred Cow, President Harry Truman's initial official aircraft and Franklin Roosevelt's only official aircraft, retired from service on the installation in 1961. This aircraft was the predecessor to Air Force One and was used for both presidential and VIP support missions. President Truman signed the National Security Act of 1947, which created the United States Air Force, at the desk on board this aircraft.
- In 1962, fixed-wing aircraft operations at the air force and naval installations ceased, due to congested airspace around Washington National Airport on the opposite shore of the Potomac River.
The Air Force District of Washington was created and activated at Bolling on 1 October 1985 with the mission of providing administrative support to Air Force members. On 15 July 1994, AFDW was inactivated, but was reactivated 5 January 2005 to "provide a single voice for Air Force requirements in the National Capital Region" according to the base's website.
Major commands assigned
- Director of Military Aeronautics, 28 June 1918
- 3d Service Command, 6 March 1928
- Chief of Air Corps, 1 July 1936
- General Headquarters Air Force, 15 March 1941
- Second Air Force, 13 October 1942
- Headquarters, United States Army Air Forces, 7 July 1943
- Continental Air Forces, 17 July 1945
- Bolling Field Command, 16 December 1946
- Military Air Transport Service, 1 August 1952
- Bolling Field Command, 1 October 1957
- Military Airlift Command, 1 July 1976
- Air Force District of Washington, 1 October 1985 – 5 July 1994; 7 July 2005 – present
- Headquarters, United States Air Force, 5 July 1994 – 7 July 2005
Major units assigned
- 312th Aero Sq, July 1918 – 17 August 1919
- 99th Observation Sq, 18 August 1919 – 21 March 1921
- HQ Detachment, Bolling Field, 11 July 1922 – 31 March 1928
- General Headquarters, Air Force, 1 October 1933 – 28 February 1935
- 14th Air Base Group, 1 March 1935 – 31 March 1944
- 1st Staff Squadron, 1 September 1936 – 31 March 1944
- 2d Staff Squadron, 1 September 1936 – 31 March 1944
- 4th Staff Squadron, 17 May 1941 – 31 March 1944
- Air Force Combat Command, 28 March 1941 – 12 March 1942
- V Air Support Command, 23 July – 28 October 1942
- 5th Bombardment Wing, 10–31 July 1942
- VIII Ground Air Support Command, 28 April – 29 May 1942
- 10th Ferrying Squadron, 10 April 1942 – 1 March 1943
- Transatlantic Sector, AAF Ferrying Command
- XII Air Support Command, 25 September – 19 October 1942
- Twelfth Air Force, 20–28 August 1942
- 26th Transport Group, 1 March 1943 – 21 February 1944
- Army Air Force Base Unit 1
- 503d Army Air Force Base Unit, 21 February 1944
- Continental Air Forces, 15 December 1944 – 20 October 1946
- Strategic Air Command, 21 March 1946 – 20 October 1946
- Bolling Field Command. 15 December 1946
- 1st Special Air Missions Squadron
- 16th Special Air Missions Group
- 1100th Air Base Wing, 16 March 1949 – 30 September 1977
- Air Force District of Washington, 1 October 1985 – 5 July 1994; 7 July 2005–present
- 11th Wing, 15 July 1994 – 30 September 2010