Bahar (magazine)
Bahar was a Persian-language magazine founded in Tehran in 1910 by , also called E'tesam-e Daftar and E'tesam-al-Molk, a Persian poet and journalist. It was published monthly in two volumes in 17 or 16 editions.
At the beginning the publisher aimed to provide a forum for literary, scholarly, historical and political exchanges, as well as for the spread of information. The published articles were primarily written or translated by E'tesam-al-Molk himself. Editor-in-chief of the first volume was Mirza Reza Khan Modabber-al-Mamalek, the later editor of Tamaddon. , who also published , acted as editor-in-chief of the second volume. Under Khalili the publication of literary topics and especially translations of European literature increased. Well-known examples include works of Victor Hugo and Rousseau as well as Lermontov's "Demon". Discussions of contemporary Persian literature and literary criticism became increasingly popular among readers.
