The Akhil Bharatiya Itihas Sankalan Yojana is a subsidiary of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, a Hindu-nationalist organisation. Envisioned in 1973 by Moropant Pingley, a pracharak of the RSS, and founded in 1978-79, ABISY holds that India's history was distorted by the British Raj, and seeks to correct the biases. Scholars state that the actual aim of the organisation is to rewrite Indian history from a Hindu nationalist perspective.
History
The Akhil Bharatiya Itihas Sankalan Yojana is a subsidiary of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, founded in 1978-79. It was envisioned in 1973 by Moropant Pingley, a pracharak of the RSS. The organisation was further developed by Balmukund Pandey, who would later become its Organising Secretary. According to social anthropologist Daniela Beti, the main leaders of the organisation have an ideology aligned with Hindutva ideology, although the members of the organisation may have their own reasons for participating. In July 2014, Yellapragada Sudershan Rao, the head of the Andhra Pradesh chapter of ABISY, was appointed Chairperson of the Indian Council of Historical Research by the National Democratic Alliance government headed by Narendra Modi. In March 2015, three other ABISY-affiliated historians were nominated as members to the Council: Narayan Rao, former Professor at Berhampur University and the national Vice-President of ABISY, Ishwar Sharan Vishwakarma, Professor in the Department of Ancient History, Archaeology and Culture at Gorakhpur University and the All-India General Secretary of ABISY, and Nikhilesh Guha, a retired Professor of Kalyani University and the head of the Bengal chapter of ABISY. The appointments were described by commentators as an effort by the Modi administration to fill government institutions with individuals ideologically aligned with the RSS.
Ideology
The stated objective of the ABISY is writing Indian history "from a national perspective". The name ABISY means "The Plan for collecting History of the Whole of India". Scholars have described the organisation as engaging in historical revisionism to present a narrative consistent with the ideology of Hindutva. Pandey states that Indian historians have been exposed to western distortions, which created a false impression of Indian cultural diversity. According to Pandey, the puranas were the most significant source of Indian history. The organisation states that beneath the diversity of India's culture is a unifying Hindu culture. It regards the Vedic culture to have originated in the Janjati and Adivasis traditions, the local Indian cultures. The ABISY believes that the Indo-Aryans did not migrate to the Indian subcontinent from Central Asia, but were the original inhabitants of India, some of whom later left the subcontinent and civilised other parts of the world. This theory is rejected by mainstream scholars, as it contradicts a wide range of scientific research. This belief is also used to argue that upper-caste Hindus and Adivasis share a common stock, but that only the caste-Hindu lineages were advanced enough to expand out of the subcontinent. Scholars have described this ideology as an effort to justify discrimination against Adivasi peoples.
Activities
Projects
In August 2014, the organisation stated that it had completed four research projects, namely retracing the journey of the Saraswati river, countering the theory that Aryans migrated into India and instead claiming that Aryans were originally from India who had migrate out of India, dating the Mahabharatha, Shankaracharya and Buddha, and emphasizing that the 1857 rebellion was the First War of Independence. It announced that its next ten-year project would be to compile all Hindu Puranas into an encyclopedia, get scholars to interpret its original meaning, and to put it forward as India's real history. The ABISY has also stated that it intends to document the history of all the 670+ districts in India, and describe the history of the more than 600 tribal communities in India.
Methodology
The ABISY centers its historical work around Hindu scriptures. Berti states that ABISY methodology, as exemplified in its interpretation of Kullu mythology, is to collect orally preserved stories of the gods, or bharthā, which are to be regarded as reliable sources for an understanding of those gods. ABISY leaders "decipher" those texts, or often just snippets of them, to reveal their similarity with :Category:Sanskrit texts|Sanskrit texts, by focusing on specific words or expressions. This would reveal the Sanskrit identity of the village gods. ABISY tries to show a link between local cultures and a supposed unified Hindu culture by investigating those local cultures. Berti notes that this kind of "new local historiography" is not unique to Hindutva-writers, but has also appeared in African nationalistic discourse, and that "the political construction and utilisation of folklore was at the very heart of the XIX century’s European nationalisms."
Publications
The ABISY publishes the journal Itihas Darpan, edited in Delhi. A majority of the articles are written in English, while a few are in Hindi. The editorial standards of the journal emphasize the urgency of "scientific character" in Indian historical research, with repeated reference to a scientific framework, such as "the importance of making reference to sources, and to proving with documents what is put forward. Not all local history is deemed worth researching, but only those facts which have a "historical basis" and are in accordance with the organisation's ideology.
Organisation
ABISY headquarters are located at Keshav Kunj, the Delhi office of the RSS. Under the central office are thirteen ksetra, or provincial, offices, each run by a president. These centres are responsible for connecting ABISY ideology to local cultural lore and tradition. Branches of ABISY exist in Chandigarh, Shimla and Kullu. ABISY states that it has 500 professors associated with it.
