Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts
The Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts - École supérieure des Arts de la Ville de Bruxelles, in Dutch Koninklijke Academie voor Schone Kunsten van Brussel, is the Belgian art school, established in Brussels in the Kingdom of Belgium. It was founded in 1711. At the beginning housed in a single room in the city hall, in 1876 the school moved to a former convent and orphanage in the Rue du Midi, rehabilitated by the architect Pierre-Victor Jamaer, where the school still operates.
History
The Bombardment of Brussels by French troops in 1695 was the most destructive event in the history of this town.After the reconstruction of the Grand Place, there was a turning point for the history of art in the Netherlands. In 1711, the City of Brussels gave the artists guilds a place for training. One room in the city hall was freed. The guilds of painting, sculpture, weaving and other art areas should have its own training center. On October 16 of the same year, the establishment of a new school took place. Model was the Accademia del Designo to Florence. In 1752, they moved to the hostel d'Golden Head. In 1762, the Duke Charles Alexander of Lorraine took over the school after a long crisis. Henceforth, their line was in his hands. His attention rested mainly on the architecture. In 1768, Barnabé Guimord established the first architecture class. Through sales and issue of shares additional funds were made available. A year later, the school returned to the town hall. In 1795, the Academy was closed after the conquest of Brussels by the French revolutionary troops.
Resurgence under François-Joseph Navez
In 1829 the school moved into the Granvelle Palace on. One year later François-Joseph Navez became director. There was new life in the Académie, while the sculpture has been strongly promoted. He organized the school and expanded it. In 1832 it went to the basement of the left wing of the Industrial Palace. From 1835 til 1836 the plans of Navez were implemented. In 1836 it was awarded the privilege to wear "royale" as part of their name. The panel painting was declared to another important department. This was based on the old painting of the first golden age of Dutch painting. However, there was some time tensions at the Academy to the yet propagated Style of Neo-Classicism. In addition to painting and sculpture architectural education became more important. Only they never achieved the status of a pioneering teaching and training facility.In 1876 the Academy moved to the school buildings in the Rue du Midi. It is the building of the former monastery Boogaard what had meanwhile served as an orphanage. The architect Pierre-Victor Jamaer was able to link the whole school in the limited space of the existing ensemble. The facade was redesigned by the architectural style of classicism. Till today this academy is here. From 5 January 1889 women were also allowed to participate in a class for advanced students. At the end of the 19th century was the founding of the modern LUCA Campus Sint-Lukas Brussels a strong competition. Meanwhile, ARBA is one of the 16 art schools of the French Community of Belgium. Under the director Charles van der Stappen the doctrine came to this university to an even greater prestige. Even literature and photography were part of the training offer.
In the European art scene around the turn of the century Brussels drew forth in addition to his training center in the shadow of Paris. Since 1889 Brussels was the uncrowned capital of Art Nouveau, especially in the architecture, which had its triumphal procession through Prof. Horta. The Academy managed the step to another center of the avant-garde in the panel painting. From the Academy and its students went influence on the development of Realism, Symbolism, the Impressionism, Neo-Impressionism, Post Impressionism and the newly incipient Expressionism. Everything was precursor of Modern Art.
In the year 1912 Victor Horta had made changes to the organisation of this school. A system of studios was created, as it was recommended by Paul Bonduelle and Lambot.
In 1936 the Royal Order was made to the formation of the separate Department of Architecture.
Changes in organization and teaching after 1945
In 1949 the rank of a small department for planning and urban development was established, too. The architectural studies got the rank of university education. In 1972, the Department of artistic humanities was established. At last in 1977 the Department of Architecture had finally acquired its autonomy. In 1977 the Institute Supérieur d'Architecture Victor Horta, named after the Art Nouveau architect and former director, was founded.In 1980, the higher education of the second degree and new courses at the Academy of Fine Arts are presented.
Today programs are offered for Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts in the fields of design, art and media and offered doctoral studies, too. The Academy has been an ESA with a university orientation. In addition, it is part of Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium RASAB which was founded in 2001. It is responsible for the task of promoting activities of the affiliated members and organizations here and coordinate. - Her tasks include projects at home and abroad.
The faculty and alumni of ARBA
Includes some of the most famous names in Belgian painting, sculpture, and architecture:- James Ensor,
- René Magritte,
- Paul Delvaux,
- Peyo, creator of The Smurfs,
- Kali
The most notable directors and professors of the school
- Barnabé Guimard, architect
- Tilman-François Suys, architect
- François-Joseph Navez, Belgian neo-classical painter.
- Louis Gallait, painter
- Eugène Simonis, sculptor
- Jean-François Portaels, Belgian painter
- Charles van der Stappen, sculptor
- Jef Lambeaux, sculptor
- Jacques de Lalaing, sculptor and painter
- Victor Horta, architect
- Paul Saintenoy, architect
- Henri van Dievoet, architect
- Alfred Bastien, sculptor
- Léon Devos, painter
In the kingdom of Belgium this academy was very important for the development of art for architecture and building, panel painting, sculpture. lithography and watercolour painting.
Gallery of works by notable teachers and directors of the Académie
Some well known students of the school
- Joseph-Pierre Braemt, medalist
- Amédée Lynen, painter and illustrator
- Vincent van Gogh, painter and draughtsman
- Jan Hillebrand Wijsmuller,, painter of the Netherlands
- Gustave Léonard de Jonghe, painter
- Paul Du Bois, French sculptor
- James Ensor, painter
- Victor Rousseau, sculptor
- Gabriel Van Dievoet, painter
- Victor Servranckx, painter
- Paul Delvaux, painter
- René Magritte, painter
- Éliane de Meuse, painter
- Zhang Chongren, better known as Tschang Tschong-jen, sculptor and painter.
- Ben-Ami Shulman,, Israeli architect.
- Claude Strebelle, architect and builder
Gallery of work by notable students of the Académie
Exhibitions
- Academie Royale des Beaux-arts et Ecole des Arts decoratifs de Bruxelles. Exposition centennale 1800–1900.
- 1987: Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts de Bruxelles, 275 ans d'enseignement, from 07.05 - 28.06.1987.
- 2007: Art, anatomie trois siècles d'évolution des représentations du corps, Académie royale des Beaux-arts de Bruxelles, 20.04. - 16.05.2007.
Biography
- Academie Royale des Beaux-Arts de Bruxelles. 275 ans d'enseignement = 275 jaar onderwijs aan de Koninklijke Academie voor Schone Kunsten van Brussel. par Crédit Communal Bruxelles, 1987,.
- Academie Royale des Beaux-arts et École des Arts décoratifs de Bruxelles. Exposition centennale 1800–1900. catalogue of the exhibition at Bruxelles.
- A. W. Hammacher: Amsterdamsche Impressionisten en hun Kring. J.M. Meulenhoff, Amsterdam 1946.
- Wiepke Loos, Carel van Tuyll van Serooskerken: Waarde Hoer Allebé – Leven en werk van August Allebé. Waanders, Zwolle 1988,.
- Sheila D. Muller: Dutch Art – An Encyclopedia. Routledge, 2013,.
- Jean Bouret: L’École de Barbizon et le paysage française au XIXe siècle. Neuchâtel 1972.
- Georges Pillement: Les Pré-Impressionistes. Zug 1972,
- Nathalia Brodskaya: Impressionismus. Parkstone Books, New York 2007,.
- Norma Broude: Impressionismus. an international movement, 1860–1920. Dumont, Köln 2007,.
- Jean-Paul Crespelle: Les Fauves, Origines et Evolution, Office du Livre, Fribourg, und Edition Georg Popp, Würzburg 1981,.
- Jean Leymarie: Fauvismus, Editions d’Art, Albert Skira Verlag, Genève 1959.
- Kristian Sotriffer: Expressionismus und Fauvismus. Verlag Anton Schroll & Co., Wien 1971.
- Jean-Luc Rispail: Les surréalistes. Une génération entre le rêve et l'action. Gallimard, Paris 2005,.
- David Britt: Modern Art - Impressionism to Post-Modernism. Thames & Hudson, London 2007,.
- Sandro Bocola: Die Kunst der Moderne. Zur Struktur und Dynamik ihrer Entwicklung. Von Goya bis Beuys. Prestel, München/ New York 1994,.
- Sam Phillips: Moderne Kunst verstehen - Vom Impressionismus ins 21. Jahrhundert. A. Seemann Henschel, Leipzig 2013,.
- Pierre Daix, Joan Rosselet: Picasso - The Cubist Years 1907–1916., Thames & Hudson, London 1979,.
- Michael White: De Stijl and Dutch Modernism. Manchester University Press,.
- Thomas, Karin: Blickpunkt der Moderne: Eine Geschichte von der Romantik bis heute. Verlag M. DuMont, Köln 2010,.