AD 131

By place

Roman Empire

• Emperor Hadrian builds the city Aelia Capitolina on the location of Jerusalem.
• The Praetor's Edict is definitively codified by Salvius Julianus on Hadrian's orders. This change means that senatorial decrees become a mere confirmation of the imperial speech which initiated them.
• Reorganization of the Imperial Council: Central administration is reinforced, and administrative positions are entrusted to Knights according to a very strict hierarchy. Under the reorganization, the Roman Senate is excluded from controlling the business of state.
• Hadrian restores the monarchist policy of Claudius and Domitian. The equestrian order is given full legal status and attains the second order of the state.
• Italy is divided into legal districts managed by consuls, a direct blow to the power and prestige of the Senate.

  By topic

Religion

• Edict of Hadrian prohibiting the practice of circumcision. Additionally, Hadrian prohibits public reading of the Torah under penalty of death, as well as observance of festivals and the Sabbath, the teaching of Judaic Law, and the ordination of rabbis.
• The Temple of Baalshamin is built in Palmyra.