1886 United States House of Representatives elections
Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1886 for Representatives to the 50th Congress, taking place in the middle of President Grover Cleveland's first term.
As in many midterm elections, Cleveland's Democratic Party lost seats to the opposition Republican Party, although a narrow majority was retained. Many of these Republican pickups were in the industrializing Midwest states, where the debate over tariffs, which were advocated by Republicans to protect domestic industry but opposed by Democrats to allow for free agricultural trade, led to political change. The small Labor Party, supported by industrial workers, gained one seat each in Virginia and Wisconsin, while the Greenback Party maintained its one seat in Iowa. John Nichols was also elected as an Independent to North Carolina's 4th congressional district.
Election summaries
There were 2 Labor Party and 1 Independent members elected, and 1 Greenback Party member re-elected in Iowa. The previous election saw just the Greenback elected.Special elections
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| Lewis Beach | Democratic | 1880 | Incumbent died August 10, 1886. New member elected November 2, 1886. Democratic hold. Successor also elected the same day to the next term, [|see below]. |
Early election dates
In 1886, three states, with 7 seats among them, held elections early:| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| Barclay Henley | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold | ||
| James A. Louttit | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. | ||
| Joseph McKenna | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| William W. Morrow | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Charles N. Felton | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Henry Markham | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold |
Florida
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| Robert H. M. Davidson | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Charles Dougherty | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
New York
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| Lewis Beach | Democratic | 1880 | Incumbent died August 10, 1886. New member elected. Democratic hold. Successor also elected the same day to finish the current term. |
South Carolina
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| Samuel Dibble | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| George D. Tillman | Democratic | 1878 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| D. Wyatt Aiken | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. | ||
| William H. Perry | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| John J. Hemphill | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| George W. Dargan | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Robert Smalls | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |