1870s

Politics and wars

Wars

• Franco-Prussian War resulted in the collapse of the Second French Empire and in the formation of both the French Third Republic and the German Empire.
• The Third Anglo-Ashanti War, also known as the "First Ashanti Expedition", lasted from 1873 to 1874. The war ended with the destruction of the royal palace at Kumasi and the signing of the Treaty of Fomena which secured British trading rights in the area.
• The Third Carlist War was the last Carlist War in Spain.
• The Ethiopian–Egyptian War was a resource conflict over access to the Nile Basin between the Ethiopian Empire and the Khedivate of Egypt from 1874 to 1876, resulting in an Ethiopian victory.
• Russo-Turkish War
• In the United States, post-Civil War reconstruction continued until its conclusion under President Rutherford B. Hayes in 1877
• The Second Anglo-Afghan War was fought between the British Raj and the Emirate of Afghanistan from 1878 to 1880.
• The Anglo-Zulu War lasted from 11 January 1879 to 5 July 1879.
• The War of the Pacific was a war, lasting from 1879 to 1884, which was fought over resource-rich territory along the Pacific coast between Chile and an alliance of Bolivia and Peru.

  Colonization, decolonization and independence

• The British Empire continued to grow; this decade marked the beginning of the New Imperialism.
• Bulgaria and Romania declared independence following a war against the Ottoman Empire.
• The Sioux battled the United States Cavalry and resisted encroachment by white settlers on the Great Plains.
• Passive resistance was used to prevent the confiscation of Māori land at Parihaka in New Zealand.

  Prominent political events

• The German Empire and Alliance System emerged.
• Racial and economic politics in America's Reconstruction were bitter, pessimistic, and sometimes violent.
• The Gilded Age began in 1874, lasting until 1896.
• The First Spanish Republic rises and promptly ends.
• In 1876 the first Ottoman Constitution is promulgated, starting the First Constitutional Era.

  Science and technology

• The prototype telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
• The first version of the light bulb was invented by Thomas Edison in 1879.
• The phonograph is invented in 1877 by Thomas Edison.
• The steam drill is invented in 1879.
• The 6.35mm headphone jack was invented in 1878 and is still widely used today.
• Ludwig Boltzmann statistically defined thermodynamic entropy.
• 1873 Weltausstellung in Vienna, 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia and 1878 Exposition universelle in Paris.

  Environment

• Atlas bear became extinct.
• Yellowstone National Park was established.

  Popular culture

Literature and arts

• Jules Verne publishes Around The World in Eighty Days
• Monet, Renoir, Pissarro, and Sisley organized the Société Anonyme Coopérative des Artistes Peintres, Sculpteurs, Graveurs for the purpose of exhibiting their artworks independently. Members of the association, which soon included Cézanne, Berthe Morisot, and Edgar Degas, were expected to forswear participation in the Salon. The organizers invited a number of other progressive artists to join them in their inaugural exhibition, including the slightly older Eugène Boudin, whose example had first persuaded Monet to take up plein air painting years before. Another painter who greatly influenced Monet and his friends, Johan Jongkind, declined to participate, as did Manet. In total, thirty artists participated in their first exhibition, held in April 1874 at the studio of the photographer Nadar. The group soon became known as the Impressionists.
• Jeanne Calment, born 1875, would eventually become the longest-living human being with a verified lifespan. She lived until 1997, at the age of 122. She still holds the record as of 2020.
• Lewis Carroll publishes Through the Looking-Glass.
• Henrik Ibsen releases A Doll's House in 1879

  Fashion

People

World leaders

Politics

• Eugène Borel, Director Universal Postal Union
• Gustave Moynier, President International Committee of the Red Cross

  Famous and infamous people

• Sam Bass, Wild West, outlaw
• Charlie Bowdre, Wild West, outlaw/cowboy
• Richard M. Brewer, Wild West, gunslinger/cowboy, outlaw
• Crazy Horse, Native American war leader
• George Armstrong Custer, U. S. Army officer
• Wyatt Earp, Wild West, lawman
• E. B. Farnum, Elected official and one of the first residents of Deadwood, South Dakota
• "Wild Bill" Hickok, Legendary Wild West, lawman, gunfighter, and entertainer
• Doc Holliday, Legendary Wild West, gambler, gunfighter, outlaw, dentist
• Frank James, Wild West, outlaw
• Jesse James, Wild West, outlaw
• Calamity Jane, Frontierswoman and professional scout
• Jack McCall, murderer of "Wild Bill" Hickok
• Henry McCarty a.k.a. William Bonney a.k.a. Billy the Kid, Wild West, outlaw/cowboy
• Alexander McSween, Wild West, figure
• Lawrence Murphy, Wild West, racketeer
• Tom O'Folliard, Wild West, outlaw, best friend of Billy the Kid
• Giovanni Passannante, anarchist, attempted assassin of Umberto I of Italy
• Frank Stilwell, Wild West, outlaw/cowboy
• Al Swearengen, pimp and entertainment entrepreneur who ran the Gem Theater, for 22 years during the late 19th century
• John Tunstall, First man to be killed during the Lincoln County War
• John Younger, Wild West, outlaw
• Jim Younger, Wild West, outlaw
• Cole Younger, Wild West, outlaw