100 Orders
The 100 Orders are "binding instructions or directives to the Iraqi people that create penal consequences or have a direct bearing on the way Iraqis are regulated, including changes to Iraqi law" created in early 2004 by Paul Bremer under the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq. The orders called for the de-Baathification of Iraq as well as extensive economic changes. Most of the economic changes are focused on transitioning the economy of Iraq from a centrally planned economy to a market economy, as outlined in the contract by BearingPoint:
"It should be clearly understood that the efforts undertaken will be designed to establish the basic legal framework for a functioning market economy; taking appropriate advantage of the unique opportunity for rapid progress in this area presented by the current configuration of political circumstances... Reforms are envisioned in the areas of fiscal reform, financial sector reform, trade, legal and regulatory, and privatization."
List of Orders
- Order 1: De-Ba'athification of Iraqi Society
- Order 2: Dissolution of Entities
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 3: Weapons Control - Bans possession of heavy weapons, and possession of small arms except at home or in a place of work; exceptions granted for Coalition personnel and for Iraqi police and soldiers; establishes weapons collection programme. CPA Memorandum 5 governs aspects of implementation.
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 4: Management of Property and Assets of the Iraqi Baath Party
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 5: Establishment of the Iraqi De-Baathification Council
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 6: Eviction of Persons Illegally Occupying Public Buildings
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 7: Penal Code
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 8: Traveling Abroad for Academic Purposes - removed all restrictions on foreign travel for students and academics
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 9: Management and Use of Iraqi Public Property
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 10: Management of Detention and Prison Facilities
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 11: Licensing Telecommunications Services and Equipment
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 12: Trade Liberalization Policy
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 13: The Central Criminal Court of Iraq
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 14: Prohibited Media Activity
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 15: Establishment of the Judicial Review Committee
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 16: Temporary Control of Iraqi Borders, Ports and Airports
- Order 17: Status of the Coalition Provisional Authority, MNF–Iraq, Certain Missions and Personnel in Iraq
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 18: Measures to Ensure the Independence of the Central Bank of Iraq
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 19: Freedom of Assembly
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 20: Trade Bank of Iraq
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 21: Interim Exercise of Baghdad Mayoral Authority
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 22: Creation of a New Iraqi Army
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 23: Creation of a New Code of Military Discipline for the New Iraqi Army, 23 August 2003, Annex A
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 24: Ministry of Science and Technology
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 25: Confiscation of Property Used In Or Resulting From Certain Crimes
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 26: Creation of Department of Border Enforcement
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 27: Establishment of the Facilities Protection Service
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 28: Establishment of the Iraqi Civil Defense Corps
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 29: Amendment To Law Of Estate Lease
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 30: Reform of Salaries and Employment with Annex A
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 31: Modifications Of Penal Code and Criminal Proceedings Law
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 32: Legal Department of the Ministry of Justice
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 33: Ministry of Municipalities and Public Works
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 34: Amendment To Coalition Provisional Authority Order Number 2
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 35: Re-Establishment of the Council of Judges
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 36: Regulation of Oil Distribution
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 37: Suspension of most taxes from April–December 2003.
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 38: Reconstruction Levy
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 39: Foreign Investment - liberalized trade "the independence of the central bank; set rules for the new currency and securities markets; declared policies for trademarks, patents, copyrights, public contracts, and debt resolution; and privatized state enterprises, thus establishing the basic conditions for the neoliberal political economy that the United States meant to launch in Iraq.
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 40: Bank Law with Annex A
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 41: Notification of Criminal Offenses
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 42: Creation of the Defense Support Agency New body, under CPA control, to provide legal, medical, financial, logistical, recruitment, training and property management support to the Iraqi army
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 43: New Iraqi Dinar Banknotes
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 44: Establishment of The Ministry of Environment
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 45: Non-Governmental Organizations
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 46: Amendment of CPA Order 39 on Foreign Investment
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 47: Amendment of CPA Order 38 on Reconstruction Levy
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 48: Delegation of Authority Regarding Establishment of an Iraqi Special Tribunal with Appendix A
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 49: Tax Strategy for 2004 with Annex A and Explanatory Notes
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 50: Creation of Ministry of Displacement and Migration
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 51: Suspension of Exclusive Agency Status of Iraqi State Company for Water Transportation
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 52: Pensions for Judges and Prosecutors who die while holding Office
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 53: Public Defender's Fees
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 54: Trade Liberalization Policy 2004 with Annex A
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 55: Delegation of Authority Regarding the Iraq Commission on Public Integrity
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 56: Central Bank Law with Annex A
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 57: Iraqi Inspectors General
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 58: Maysan and Muthanna Courts of Appeal
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 59: Protection and fair Incentives for Government Whistleblowers
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 60: Establishment of the Ministry of Human Rights
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 61: Amendment to Order 45
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 62: Disqualification From Public Office
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 63: Public Sector Death and Disability Benefits
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 64: Amendment to the Company Law No. with Annex A
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 65: Iraqi Communications and Media Commission
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 66: Iraq Public Service Broadcasting
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 67: Ministry of Defense
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 68: MInisterial Committee for National Security
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 69: Delegation of Authority Regarding Establishment of the Iraqi National Intelligence Service
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 69 Annex A: Order 69 Annex A
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 70: Amendments to Reconstruction Levy
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 71: Local Governmental Powers
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 72: Iraqi Radioactive Source Regulatory Authority
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 73: Transfer of the Iraqi Civil Defense Corps to the Ministry of Defence
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 74: Interim Law on Securities Markets
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 75: Realignment of Military Industrial Companies with Annex A
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 76: Consolidations of State-Owned Enterprises with Annex A
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 77: Board of Supreme Audit
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 78: Facilitation of Court-Supervised Debt Resolution Procedures
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 79: The Iraqi Nonproliferation Programs Foundation with Annex
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 80: Amendment to the Trademarks and Descriptions Law No.
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 81: Patent, Industrial Desgin, Undisclosed Information, Integrated Circuits and Plant Variety Law - According to Order 81, paragraph 66 – , issued by L. Paul Bremer , the people in Iraq are now prohibited from saving newly designed seeds and may only plant seeds for their food from licensed, authorized U.S. distributors.
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 82: Iraqi National Foundation for Remembrance
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 83: Amendment to the Copyright Law
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 84: Amendments to CPA Order No. 37 and CPA Order No. 49
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 86: Traffic Code with Annex A
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 87: Public Contracts
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 88: Rights of Judicial Officials to Return to the Judiciary After Certain Government Service
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 89: Amendments to the Labor Code Law No.
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 90: Special Task Force for Compensating Vistims of the Previous Regime
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 91: Regulation of Armed Forces and Militias within Iraq - Established a process to incorporate militias into the Iraqi Armed Forces and other Iraqi security forces
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 92: The Independent Electoral Commission of Iraq
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 93: Anti-Money Laudering Act of 2004 with Annex A
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 94: Banking Law of 2004 with Annex A
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 95: Financial Management Law and Public Debt Law with Annex A and B
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 96: The Electoral Law
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 97: Political Parties and Entities Law
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 98: Iraqi Ombudsman for Penal and Detention Matters
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 99: Joint Detainee Committee
- Coalition Provisional Authority Order 100: Transition of Laws, Regulations, Orders, and Directives Issued by the CPA
Controversy