Đàng Ngoài
Đàng Ngoài , also known as Bắc Hà or Annam Kingdom, was an area in northern Đại Việt during the 17th and 18th centuries as the result of Trịnh–Nguyễn War. The word "Đàng Ngoài" first appeared in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum by Alexandre de Rhodes.
Đàng Ngoài was ruled by the Trịnh lords and the Lê dynasty, whose capital was Thăng Long. Thăng Long was also known as Đông Kinh 東京, meaning "Eastern Capital", from which the common European name for Đàng Ngoài "Tonkin" originated. It was bordered by Đàng Trong along the Linh River. The name was gradually fading out from the people's memory after Nguyễn Huệ's conquering of the north.
